Christine Case, Biology 215

Nudebranch. California
Photo©CLCase

Biology 215

Blood Group Determination

Christine Case

What blood type is shown to the left?

Other blood groups | World Distribution of ABO

World Distribution of ABO
	O	A	B	AB
Aborigines	61	39	0	0
Bororo	100	0	0	0
Chinese	46	23	25	6
French	43	47	7	3
Hawaiian	37	61	2	1
Japanese	30	38	22	10
USA-white	45	41	10	4

Other blood group systems such as Kell, Duffy and Kidd do occasionally cause problems during transfusion. Their immunogenicity is considerably less than ABO and Rh and matched antigen-identical blood is only needed when clinically significant immune antibodies have been formed.

PHENOTYPE	GENOTYPE	POSSIBLE ANTIBODY PRODUCED
Kell negative	kk (little k - little k)	Anti-K (Kell)
Kell positive	Kk
Kell positive	KK (big K - big K)	Anti-k (Cellano)

PHENOTYPE	GENOTYPE	POSSIBLE ANTIBODY PRODUCED
Fy(a+b-) (Duffy a pos, b neg)	Fy^a Fy^a	Anti-Fy^b
Fy(a+b+) (Duffy a pos, b pos)	Fy^a Fy^b
Fy(a-b+) (Duffy a neg, b pos)	Fy^b Fy^b	Anti-Fy^a

PHENOTYPE	GENOTYPE	POSSIBLE ANTIBODY PRODUCED
Jk(a+b-) (Kidd a pos, b neg)	Jk^a Jk^a	Anti-Jk^b
Jk(a+b+) (Kidd a pos, b pos)	Jk^a Jk^b
Jk(a-b+) (Kidd a neg, b pos)	Jk^b Jk^b	Anti-Jk^a

PHENOTYPE	COMMON NAME	POSSIBLE ANTIBODY PRODUCED
Le(a+b-)	Lewis a pos b neg	-
Le(a-b+)	Lewis a neg b pos	-
Le(a-b-)	Lewis a neg b neg	Anti-Le^a + Le^b
MM	Mary Mary	Anti-N
MN	Mary Nellie	-
NN	Nellie Nellie	Anti-M
SS	Big S Big S	Anti-s
Ss	Big S little s	-
ss	Little s little s	Anti-S
Lu(a+b-)	Lutheran a pos b neg	Anti-Lu^b
Lu(a+b+)	Lutheran a pos b pos	-
Lu(a-b+)	Lutheran a neg b pos	Anti-Lu^a
P₁	P1 pos	-
P₂	P1 neg	Anti-P₁