Serial Dilutions.
Basic rules to remember: This shows 1 ml of sample added to 9 ml for a total of 10 ml in the tube. This is 1 in a total of 10 or 1:10.
1:10 = 1/10 = 0.1 = 1:10-1.
In serial dilutions,you add the exponents to get the total dilution of the sample.