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LESSON 3 - BASIC REFERENCE SOURCES: STARTING POINTS AND GATEWAYS TO INFORMATION 

Lesson 3 Contents:

Learning Objectives

I. What are Reference Sources?

* The Reference Collection

II. General and Subject Encyclopedias
* The Use of Encyclopedias in the Research Process
* The Neutral Viewpoint Offered by Encyclopedias

III. Key Points to Remember

Lesson Three Quiz

Lesson Three Exercise


LESSON THREE
- EXERCISE (43 points)

PLEASE NOTE: YOU MUST ATTEND MEETING #1 BEFORE COMPLETING QUESTIONS 17-18 AND 22.

NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, each question is worth one point.

Name
I. SHORT ANSWER (Questions 1-4)
1) Encyclopedia articles often contain a list of recommended books and articles at the end of the article, or sometimes at the end of each article section. What is this list called?
2) Briefly explain how encyclopedia articles can be helpful during steps 2 and 3 of the research process. (5 points)
3) List any 3 types of self-contained reference sources. (3 points)
4) Briefly explain the difference between general and subject encyclopedias. (3 points)
II. USING THE ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA ONLINE (Questions 5-18)

In this part of the exercise (questions 5-18) you will be using a general encyclopedia called the Encyclopedia Americana Online. Skyline Library is a paid subscriber to this massive encyclopedia, which offers:

* a 25 million-word collection of text and images
* tens of thousands of articles written by over 6,000 authors
* coverage of all field of knowledge

 

IF YOU ARE ON-CAMPUS, CLICK HERE TO CONNECT TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA ONLINE.


IF YOU ARE OFF-CAMPUS, CLICK HERE TO CONNECT TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA ONLINE AND FOLLOW THESE DIRECTIONS:

* You will be brought to a web page entitled "Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, and Other Reference Databases."

*Encyclopedia Americana is the first listing. Click on "off-campus w/library card."

* You will be brought to a screen where you will be asked to type in your 14-digit PLS library card number. Type in your number, no spaces.


* At the Grolier Online screen, click on Encyclopedia Americana.


• Once you are connected to Encyclopedia Americana Online, complete the exercise below by carefully following each step.

• The Encyclopedia Americana Online will be abbreviated as “EA” in these directions.

• Notice in the upper right-hand corner of the EA home page a small, blank rectangle. This is called the text entry box. Directly underneath this box you are given 3 choices representing the 3 most common types of searches you can do on EA:

-- article titles
-- full-text
-- journal full-text

• Notice that “article titles” is the default search option, i.e. this method has already been chosen. Since you will do an “article titles” search, DO NOT change this setting.

• Click once inside the text entry box to make the cursor appear.

*** ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA ONLINE EXERCISE #1 (Questions 5-10) ***

  • Let’s assume you’ve been assigned a research project and you’re in the very early stages of the research process. At this point, you’ve decided on a general subject, but have not yet narrowed your subject into a research question. The subject you’ve chosen is child development.

  • Type child development in the text entry box.
    Press <enter> or click on the search button.

  • Your search result screen should display 1 document –- an article entitled “child development.” Click on this title to make the entire text appear.

  • At the screen displaying the full-text of the article, notice in the right margin a list of 6 links. Click on "contents." A new window will open displaying the table of contents for this article.

  • Notice that this article is divided into 7 main sections. The first main section is Development in Infancy and the last main section is Social and Personality Development. (Several of the main sections are divided into sub-sections, which are given under the main section title and indented slightly to the right.)

5) The section Social and Personality Development is divided into how many subsections?
(HINT: Subsection titles are indented under the main section title. Do not count the bibliography as a subsection.)
6)

Clearly, this article is a broad overview of many topics pertaining to child development. You know the importance of narrowing a subject into a manageable topic. Looking again at the sections and subsections given in the contents – and reading sections of the article if you find that helpful – identify an aspect, theory, controversy, significant person, etc., that might provide a narrower focus for your research on child development. Write a research question based on that focus. For example:

Example 1:
SUBJECT: Child development
RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the role of the growth of conscience in the social and personal development of a child?

Example 2:
SUBJECT: Child development
RESEARCH QUESTION: What role does language acquisition play in the overall cognitive development of a child?

YOUR ANSWER: (3 points)
SUBJECT: Child development
RESEARCH QUESTION:

• Close the contents window and return to the article text.

• Scroll to the end of the article and find the bibliography.

7) Choose any one of the books listed in the bibliography and provide the following information: (4 points)
Author(s) or editor(s):
Title:
Publisher:
Publication date:
8) Encyclopedias usually provide the name of the author(s) at the end of the article. (Sometimes different authors write individual sections of very long articles.) Scroll a few lines above the bibliography and find the name of the author of this article. Who is the author and what college is this person affiliated with? (2 points)

• Scroll down past the bibliography and click on " top of page."

• In the right margin, click on "related articles." You will be shown a list of other articles in the EA where additional or related information on child development can be found.

9) Give the title of one of the related articles found in EA:

• Click on back to return to the article on child development.

• In the right margin, click on "web links." You will be shown a list of authoritative websites related to child development chosen by the editorial staff at EA.

10) From this list, give the title (NOT the web address) of one website related to child development:
*** ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA ONLINE EXERCISE #2 (Questions 11-16) **
  • From the list below, choose a country, historical event, or famous person.
    CHOOSE ONE FROM ONE CATEGORY !!

Country: Thailand, Ecuador, Luxembourg, Ukraine
Historical Event: Battle of Gettysburg, Renaissance, Vietnam War
Famous Person: Abraham Lincoln, Mick Jagger, Joe DiMaggio, Mozart, Louis Armstrong

11)

Type your choice below:

• Search the EA for your subject by typing your choice in the text entry box at the top of the screen.

• Your results list may be one article or several articles. Choose the article that contains just your search terms in the article title and nothing else. This will be the broadest, most substantive discussion of your topic.

12) Who is the author(s) of the article?
(NOTE: Sometimes no author is given for short articles. If that’s the case, your answer is “N.A” for “Not Applicable.”)
13) Does a bibliography accompany this article?
yes no
14) If the article is organized into several sections, give the title of one of the sections
(NOTE: Enter “N.A.” if not applicable to your article.)
15) Are any related articles in EA listed?
yes no
16) If yes, give the title of one of the related articles:
If no, your answer is “N.A.”
*** ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA ONLINE EXERCISE #3: RESEARCHING YOUR TOPIC (Questions 17-18) **
  • Starting with this lesson, you will be finding information sources (books, articles, etc) on the research question you chose at the end of Lesson 2. During the meeting you recently had with the instructor, you already found your first information source: an article from the Encyclopedia Americana Online that relates either to your general subject OR your specific research question.

  • Provide the following information for the article chosen with the help of the instructor:
17) Title of encyclopedia article:
(NOTE: Include relevant section title, if applicable.)
18) Author(s) of the article:
NOTE: If none given, your answer is “not given.”

III. USING SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIAS (Questions 19-22) **

  • As discussed in the reading, subject encyclopedias focus on a single subject or discipline. This exercise will introduce you to a subject encyclopedia available in electronic format: The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

  • Click here to connect to The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

  • Let’s assume you’re beginning your research on the philosophical school of thought known as gnosticism. To find an article on gnosticsm, click on the letter "G" in the alphabetic index.

  • From the list of encyclopedia articles given under "G", click on the article entitled “Gnosticism.”

  • Scroll down slightly and find the table of contents.
19) This article is divided into 4 main sections. The last section is entitled "Concluding Summary." What are the titles of the first 3 main sections? (3 points)
(HINT: Do not count sub-sections or the “Sources.”)
Section 1 title:
Section 2 title:
Section 3 title:
20) Who is the author of this article?
21) Does a bibliography accompany this article?
(HINT: Scholars and publishers sometime use other terms or phrases to refer to bibliographies, such as “Recommended reading,” or “Additional sources.”)
*** SUBJECT ENCYCLOPEDIAS: RESEARCHING YOUR TOPIC ***
22) During the meeting you recently had with the instructor, you also found an article from a print subject encyclopedia about your general subject or specific research question. Provide the following information for the article you found: (6 points)

Title of encyclopedia:

Title of encyclopedia article:
Author(s) of the article:
Publisher of the encyclopedia:
Year of publication:
Number of volumes: